Germany Plans Major Shift in Migration Policy Under New Coalition Deal

New Coalition Pushes for Stricter Controls on Migration and West Balkan Access

Germany is preparing for a significant transformation in its migration policy. As the new coalition between the conservative CDU/CSU and the center-left SPD takes shape, both parties have agreed on a stricter course to regulate immigration, limit asylum entries, and revise key migration frameworks. Their coalition agreement, released this week, confirms their shared goal of reducing irregular arrivals and reshaping the country’s approach to legal migration.

One of the most significant changes includes a proposed cut to the “West Balkan Regulation,” which currently grants citizens of non-EU countries such as Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Albania, Montenegro, and North Macedonia simplified access to the German labor market. The annual quota is expected to be halved—from 50,000 to 25,000 admissions per year. The initial purpose of the program was to fill labor gaps, particularly in sectors where no formal qualifications were required.

Officials argue that such adjustments are necessary to make migration more manageable and targeted, although critics warn that limiting access could hurt sectors like elderly care, where many workers from the Western Balkans are currently employed.

Border Measures and Asylum Reforms on the Table

Alongside changes to labor migration programs, the coalition agreement outlines broader efforts to tighten asylum procedures. These include stronger border controls and a renewed focus on the so-called “first country of entry” rule. Under this model, asylum seekers would be returned to the EU country they first entered, reducing the pressure on Germany’s system.

While both parties agree on the need for reform, they differ in approach. The SPD emphasizes cooperation with neighboring states and the European Union, insisting on joint solutions and respect for legal frameworks. The CDU/CSU, on the other hand, leaves room for unilateral action if necessary. This divergence could influence how enforcement unfolds, especially along sensitive border zones.

There is also talk of halting voluntary resettlement programs and suspending family reunifications, measures aimed at further reducing migratory inflows. These ideas signal a broader effort by the incoming government to respond to rising public concern over immigration and to demonstrate tighter control.

Debate on Citizenship Reform Sparks Contrasting Views

As the government moves to restrict some forms of migration, others are calling for an inclusive approach to long-term integration. Federal President Frank-Walter Steinmeier, speaking at a naturalization ceremony in Cologne, emphasized the importance of citizenship as a cornerstone of Germany’s future. He highlighted how naturalized citizens enrich society and stated clearly: “Without naturalizations, our country would be poorer in many ways and have fewer chances for a good future.”

Steinmeier’s remarks were a direct endorsement of the citizenship law reform passed under the previous coalition. That reform allows well-integrated immigrants to apply for a German passport after only three years of residence—a move designed to encourage long-term belonging and civic participation.

However, this provision is now at risk. The new coalition intends to repeal it, arguing that such fast-track options undermine integration expectations. The disagreement underscores a growing divide between those who advocate for a welcoming, integration-focused model and those who prioritize restriction and enforcement.

Economic Needs Versus Political Pressures

Despite growing political calls for tighter immigration, Germany’s economy remains dependent on foreign workers. Sectors such as healthcare, logistics, construction, and gastronomy continue to report severe labor shortages. The West Balkan Regulation has been an important tool for addressing this need by enabling faster and less bureaucratic recruitment from neighboring non-EU countries.

As such, the planned reduction in labor migration from the Western Balkans could have unintended consequences for employers. While no official statements from the German business community have been issued so far, reactions are likely if hiring becomes more difficult.

Moreover, the ongoing war in Ukraine has altered the migration landscape in Europe, putting additional pressure on asylum systems and bringing new complexities to diplomatic relations with non-EU states. As Germany intensifies its efforts to sign migration agreements that facilitate deportations and limit inflows, it must also balance humanitarian responsibilities and international obligations.

Public Sentiment and Political Calculations

Migration remains one of the most debated issues in German politics. It featured prominently in the 2025 election campaign and played a central role in the formation of the new coalition. With CDU leader Friedrich Merz expected to become chancellor, the new government will likely be under pressure to deliver visible results on this topic.

Both coalition partners are attempting to strike a balance between enforcing stricter rules and maintaining social cohesion. However, rights groups and integration advocates are already expressing concern that the current approach may deepen divisions and hinder efforts at long-term inclusion.

Whether Germany can reconcile the need for effective migration control with its commitment to being an open and diverse society remains to be seen. But one thing is clear: the political direction on migration is shifting.